[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"categories-en":3,"dest-33ca1cebfdd2":144,"detail-extra-813":171,"travel-countries-en":343},[4,9,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49,54,59,64,69,74,79,84,89,94,99,104,109,114,119,124,129,134,139],{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"color":8},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":10,"slug":11,"name":12,"color":13},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":15,"slug":16,"name":17,"color":18},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":20,"slug":21,"name":22,"color":23},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":25,"slug":26,"name":27,"color":28},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":30,"slug":31,"name":32,"color":33},20,"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":35,"slug":36,"name":37,"color":38},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":40,"slug":41,"name":42,"color":43},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":45,"slug":46,"name":47,"color":48},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":50,"slug":51,"name":52,"color":53},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":55,"slug":56,"name":57,"color":58},25,"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":60,"slug":61,"name":62,"color":63},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":65,"slug":66,"name":67,"color":68},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":70,"slug":71,"name":72,"color":73},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":75,"slug":76,"name":77,"color":78},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":80,"slug":81,"name":82,"color":83},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":85,"slug":86,"name":87,"color":88},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":90,"slug":91,"name":92,"color":93},1,"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":95,"slug":96,"name":97,"color":98},2,"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":100,"slug":101,"name":102,"color":103},3,"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":105,"slug":106,"name":107,"color":108},4,"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":110,"slug":111,"name":112,"color":113},5,"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":115,"slug":116,"name":117,"color":118},6,"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":120,"slug":121,"name":122,"color":123},7,"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":125,"slug":126,"name":127,"color":128},8,"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":130,"slug":131,"name":132,"color":133},12,"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":135,"slug":136,"name":137,"color":138},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"color":143},14,"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"id":145,"publicId":146,"slug":147,"name":148,"shortDescription":149,"categoryId":50,"importance":90,"lng":150,"lat":151,"coverImageUrl":152,"country":153,"region":154,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":90,"distanceM":-1,"kind":156,"cityGuideId":157,"description":158,"countryCode":159,"adminArea":160,"elevationM":30,"bestMonths":161,"tips":165,"howToGetThere":157,"youtubeIds":166,"timezone":157,"cityGuideSlug":157,"cityGuidePublicId":157,"cityGuideName":157,"poiTheme":157,"poiNeighborhood":157},813,"33ca1cebfdd2","chichen-itza","Chichén Itzá","A Maya city in Yucatán built around a pyramid with 365 steps, whose equinox sun throws a snake of shadow down the northern staircase.",-88.5686,20.6829,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fcover.webp","Mexico","Yucatán",0,"monument",null,"Chichén Itzá is a Maya city in the flat scrub of Mexico's Yucatán peninsula, built around a pyramid with 365 steps, and twice a year, on the equinoxes, the afternoon sun throws a snake of shadow down its northern staircase to meet a carved stone serpent head at the bottom. The pyramid is El Castillo, thirty metres of stepped stone with a temple on top, and it is a calendar as much as a building: four staircases of 91 steps plus the platform make the days of the year. Clap once at the foot of the north stairs and the echo comes back as a sharp chirp that acousticians have matched to the call of the quetzal, the bird the Maya held sacred. It is not solid. Inside is an older pyramid, and inside that a temple where archaeologists found a red-painted jaguar throne studded with jade; and in 2015 a scan found a water-filled cenote about twenty metres across under the foundations, so the pyramid was most likely built over a sacred sinkhole on purpose.\n\nWater is the key to the whole city. Yucatán has no rivers; its water runs underground and shows itself only where the limestone roof falls in, and the Sacred Cenote, a wide sinkhole at the end of a raised causeway, was where the Maya threw gold, jade and people to the rain god Chaac. The Great Ball Court is the largest in the ancient Americas, 168 metres long with walls eight metres high, and a word spoken at one end can be heard at the other. Beside the Temple of the Warriors stand the Thousand Columns, rows of carved pillars that once carried a wooden roof. El Caracol, a round tower with slit windows, tracked Venus, a planet the Maya tracked with startling precision. The city was at its height around a thousand years ago, and the land under the pyramid belonged to a private family until the state bought it in 2010. On the equinox the north lawn fills by mid-afternoon, and when the shadow serpent finally moves, the crowd goes quiet.","MX","Tinúm Municipality",[90,95,100,105,110,162,163,164,130],9,10,11,"safety|**You can't climb El Castillo** — the staircase was closed in 2006 after a fatal fall, so plan to read the pyramid and its serpent balustrades from ground level.\ncrowds|**The equinox draws tens of thousands** onto the lawn for the shadow-serpent; the same effect is faintly visible for several days either side, when the plaza is far calmer.\naccess|**Bring cash for the gate** — the site charges two separate fees (federal INAH plus the Yucatán state levy), and cards aren't reliably accepted at the entrance.",[167,168,169,170],"M8jHXf66AaE","9uINTlCXA_Q","Wg6X3APT0Oc","-U0r0GcpMXs",{"gallery":172,"exps":190,"boxes":213,"seasons":232,"near":266,"peers":342},[173,175,178,181,184,187],{"url":152,"attribution":174},"Foto: Arian Zwegers \u002F CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":176,"attribution":177},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fg0.webp","Foto: Dennis G. Jarvis \u002F CC BY-SA 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":179,"attribution":180},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fg1.webp","Foto: Bjørn Christian Tørrissen \u002F CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":182,"attribution":183},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fg2.webp","Foto: Anagoria \u002F CC BY 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":185,"attribution":186},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fg3.webp","Foto: Infrogmation \u002F CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":188,"attribution":189},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fg4.webp","Foto: dronepicr \u002F CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",[191,195,200,204,209],{"title":192,"description":193,"imageUrl":194,"attribution":174},"Stake out the north lawn for the equinox shadow-serpent","Turn up by mid-afternoon on the March or September equinox and claim a patch of grass facing El Castillo's northern staircase. There the crowd waits for the descending band of light and shadow to link up with the carved serpent head at the base. For elbow room, come a day or two either side of the date, when the effect still shows faintly with a fraction of the people. Bring water and a hat — there's almost no shade on the open plaza while you wait.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fe1.webp",{"title":196,"description":197,"imageUrl":198,"attribution":199},"Wander the Temple of the Warriors' Thousand Columns","Row upon row of carved stone pillars, once bearing a wooden roof, stretch beside the stepped Temple of the Warriors. Each column was carved with a different warrior in relief — walking their full length is the closest thing to strolling through a Maya military parade ground.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fe2.webp","Foto: Uspn \u002F CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"title":201,"description":202,"imageUrl":203,"attribution":183},"Peer into the Sacred Cenote","A vast natural sinkhole connected to the underground rivers of the Yucatán, the Cenote Sagrado was where the Maya cast gold, jade, and, according to archaeological finds, human offerings to the rain god Chaac. A short jungle path leads from the main plaza straight to its sheer limestone rim.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fe3.webp",{"title":205,"description":206,"imageUrl":207,"attribution":208},"Study the sky at El Caracol observatory","This round tower's slit windows align with the movements of Venus, tracking a planet the Maya followed with obsessive precision for ritual and agricultural calendars. Its spiral interior staircase gave the building its Spanish nickname — el caracol, 'the snail.'","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fe4.webp","Foto: Mariordo (Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz) \u002F CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"title":210,"description":211,"imageUrl":212,"attribution":208},"Stand in the Great Ball Court and test its whisper echo","This is the largest ball court in the ancient Americas, with walls eight metres high on either side. The reliefs carved along them show the ritual game the Maya called pok-ta-pok, and they are read as evidence that the losing captain was sacrificed. Clap at one end and the sound is said to carry clearly to the other, 135 metres away.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F813\u002Fe5.webp",[214,219,224,228],{"boxType":215,"title":216,"body":217,"deepBody":218,"sourceNote":157},"history","A pyramid hidden inside the pyramid","El Castillo is not solid — Maya builders raised it over at least one older pyramid, and inside that buried temple archaeologists found a red-painted jaguar throne studded with jade.","Tunnelling into the structure in the 1930s, excavators reached an inner temple holding a reclining chacmool figure and a throne carved as a jaguar, painted red and set with jade discs for its coat and eyes. Later surveys suggest a third, still-earlier pyramid nests deeper inside — El Castillo built in stages across centuries, each shell swallowing the last.",{"boxType":220,"title":221,"body":222,"deepBody":223,"sourceNote":157},"did_you_know","The pyramid stands over a hidden cenote","In 2015 geophysicists scanning beneath El Castillo found a water-filled cenote about 20 metres across hidden under its foundations — the pyramid was most likely built over a sacred sinkhole on purpose.","Using electrical-resistivity imaging, a team from Mexico's national university (UNAM) mapped a cenote roughly 20 metres wide sitting below the pyramid and linked to the peninsula's underground rivers. The find reframes El Castillo as a cosmic axis, joining the watery underworld below, the plaza at ground level, and the sky-watching temple on top.",{"boxType":220,"title":225,"body":226,"deepBody":227,"sourceNote":157},"Clap, and the pyramid chirps like a bird","Clap once at the foot of the north staircase and the echo returns as a sharp chirp — acousticians have matched it to the call of the quetzal, the bird the Maya held sacred.","Sound bouncing off the pyramid's evenly spaced steps is scattered into a downward-swooping chirp. A 2004 acoustic study likened it to the quetzal's call and noted a separate rain-like patter in the echo, hinting the effect may have been designed rather than accidental. Whether the Maya intended it is still argued.",{"boxType":215,"title":229,"body":230,"deepBody":231,"sourceNote":157},"The pyramid was privately owned until 2010","The land under the great pyramid belonged to a family, not the nation. The state of Yucatán only bought it in March 2010, for around 18 million dollars.","The Barbachanos had held it since 1944; the site was protected as a monument, but the ground it stood on was private property, and the family also ran the hotels at the gate. The purchase covered roughly 80 hectares — the core with the pyramid, the ball court and the observatory. Mexico's most visited ruin spent most of the twentieth century as somebody's estate.",[233,238,243,247,252,257,261],{"phenomenon":234,"peakMonths":235,"note":236,"requiresDarkSky":237,"sortOrder":90},"lightbeam",[100,162],"On the spring and autumn equinoxes the late-day sun sends a serpent of shadow rippling down El Castillo's northern staircase to meet a carved stone snake-head at its base — a calendar built into the pyramid's 365 steps.",false,{"phenomenon":239,"peakMonths":240,"note":241,"requiresDarkSky":237,"sortOrder":242},"chapter_peak",[90,95,164,130],"The clear, dry stretch: highs of 30–32°C, February the brightest sky of the year, and the whole city — ball court, Caracol, cenote — walkable before the heat builds. January is the busiest month; be at the 8am gate.",50,{"phenomenon":239,"peakMonths":244,"note":245,"requiresDarkSky":237,"sortOrder":246},[100],"Late March is when seven triangles of shadow ripple down El Castillo's north balustrade to meet the stone serpent head, 3pm to 5pm, under the year's driest sky. Tens of thousands come; the effect holds for days either side.",51,{"phenomenon":248,"peakMonths":249,"note":250,"requiresDarkSky":237,"sortOrder":251},"chapter_edge",[105,110],"The dry season's last act, and the plaza turns furnace: April and May run to highs of 36°C on bare limestone with almost no shade. May draws barely half January's crowd — be at the 8am gate.",52,{"phenomenon":253,"peakMonths":254,"note":255,"requiresDarkSky":237,"sortOrder":256},"chapter_quiet",[115,120,125],"Afternoon storms break over the plaza and the canícula spikes the heat from mid-July into August. Nothing shuts — 8am–5pm holds all year — though INAH closes the gate for a day when a hurricane tracks in. No serpent until September.",53,{"phenomenon":248,"peakMonths":258,"note":259,"requiresDarkSky":237,"sortOrder":260},[162,163],"The autumn equinox brings the shadow-serpent back in late September. It comes under the year's cloudiest sky: three days in four are overcast or mostly cloudy, and these are the wettest weeks, at the peak of the hurricane season. Crowds thin, and clear skies return only in late October.",54,{"phenomenon":262,"peakMonths":263,"note":264,"requiresDarkSky":237,"sortOrder":265},"baseline",[],"El Castillo, the Great Ball Court, El Caracol and the Sacred Cenote stand in the open every day of the year, and a clap at the staircase still answers with a chirped echo.",99,[267,277,287,298,308,318,330],{"id":268,"publicId":269,"slug":270,"name":271,"shortDescription":272,"categoryId":120,"importance":95,"lng":273,"lat":274,"coverImageUrl":275,"country":153,"region":154,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":276,"kind":157,"cityGuideId":157},348,"3740ccd6710b","cenote-ikkil","Ik Kil Cenote","An almost perfect circle punched into Yucatán limestone, swum in twenty-six metres below the rim, with long roots hanging all the way down.",-88.5505,20.6609,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F348\u002Fcover.webp",3080.47660219,{"id":278,"publicId":279,"slug":280,"name":281,"shortDescription":282,"categoryId":95,"importance":115,"lng":283,"lat":284,"coverImageUrl":285,"country":153,"region":154,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":286,"kind":157,"cityGuideId":157},475,"c1c74db0f321","las-coloradas","Las Coloradas","A working salt factory on Mexico's Yucatán coast where you walk a causeway between fuchsia brine ponds and the turquoise Gulf, with flamingos feeding alongside.",-87.99,21.6,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F475\u002Fcover.webp",117993.1160027,{"id":288,"publicId":289,"slug":290,"name":291,"shortDescription":292,"categoryId":120,"importance":95,"lng":293,"lat":294,"coverImageUrl":295,"country":153,"region":296,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":297,"kind":157,"cityGuideId":157},369,"28fc0120a596","gran-cenote-tulum","Gran Cenote","Two pools of glass-clear water in Mexico's Yucatán, snorkelled between under stalactites and turtles, above one of Earth's longest flooded cave systems.",-87.4641,20.2466,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F369\u002Fcover.webp","Quintana Roo",124952.84090808,{"id":299,"publicId":300,"slug":301,"name":302,"shortDescription":303,"categoryId":120,"importance":100,"lng":304,"lat":305,"coverImageUrl":306,"country":153,"region":296,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":90,"distanceM":307,"kind":157,"cityGuideId":157},116,"fdbd7c3bfab9","dos-ojos","Cenote Dos Ojos","Two round pools in Mexico's Yucatán, clear for a hundred metres, snorkelled and dived as the gateway to the longest flooded cave ever mapped.",-87.39194,20.32472,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F116\u002Fcover.webp",128983.86853837,{"id":309,"publicId":310,"slug":311,"name":312,"shortDescription":313,"categoryId":135,"importance":100,"lng":314,"lat":315,"coverImageUrl":316,"country":153,"region":296,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":90,"distanceM":317,"kind":157,"cityGuideId":157},355,"e7f0d32ad562","isla-holbox","Holbox Island","A car-free island of packed-sand streets off the Yucatán, where whale sharks gather offshore each summer and the sea flashes blue-green on moonless nights.",-87.22,21.53777778,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F355\u002Fcover.webp",169083.60821341,{"id":319,"publicId":320,"slug":321,"name":322,"shortDescription":323,"categoryId":135,"importance":90,"lng":324,"lat":325,"coverImageUrl":326,"country":327,"region":328,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":329,"kind":157,"cityGuideId":157},351,"c96aa6229935","blue-hole-belize","Great Blue Hole","A dark circle 300 metres across in Belize's turquoise reef, dropping 124 metres, with stalactites forty metres down from when it was a dry cave.",-87.53444,17.31528,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F351\u002Fcover.webp","Belize","Belize District",388341.93239024,{"id":331,"publicId":332,"slug":333,"name":334,"shortDescription":335,"categoryId":50,"importance":95,"lng":336,"lat":337,"coverImageUrl":338,"country":339,"region":340,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":341,"kind":157,"cityGuideId":157},236,"df43e2797e66","tikal","Tikal","A Maya city in Guatemala whose limestone temples break through the rainforest canopy, the tallest sixty-five metres, climbed for a view over unbroken jungle.",-89.62361,17.22194,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F236\u002Fcover.webp","Guatemala","Petén",398882.22845791,[],[344,349,354,358,363,368,372,376,381,385,389,393,397,401,405,409,413,417,421,425,429,433,436,440,444,448,452,456,460,464,468,472,476,480,484,488,492,496,500,503,507,511,515,519,523,527,531,535,539,543,547,551,555,559,563,567,571,575,579,583,587,591,595,599,603,607,611,615,619,623,627,631,635,639,643,647,651,655,659,663,667,671,675,679,683,687,691,695,698,702,706,710,714,718,722,726,730,734,738,742,746,750,754,758,762,766,770,774,778,782,786,790,794,798,802,806,810,814,818,822,826,830,834,838,842,846,850,854,858,862,866,870,874,878,882,886,890,894,896,900,904,908,912,916,920,924,928,932,936,940,944,948,952,956,960,964,968,972,976,980,984,988,992,996,1000,1004,1008,1012,1016,1020,1024,1028,1032,1036,1040,1044,1048,1052,1056,1060,1064,1068,1072,1076,1080,1084,1088,1092,1096,1100,1104,1108,1112,1116,1120,1124,1128,1132,1136,1140,1144,1148,1152,1156,1160,1164,1168,1172,1176,1180,1184,1188,1192,1196,1200,1204,1208,1212,1216,1220,1224,1228,1232,1236,1240,1244,1248,1252,1256,1260,1264,1268,1272,1276,1280,1284,1288,1292,1296,1300,1304,1308,1312],{"iso2":345,"name":346,"flag":347,"region":348},"AF","Afghanistan","🇦🇫","Asia",{"iso2":350,"name":351,"flag":352,"region":353},"AX","Åland 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