[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"dest-df046a844e3e":3,"categories-en":34,"detail-extra-894":170,"travel-countries-en":263},{"id":4,"publicId":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"shortDescription":8,"categoryId":9,"importance":10,"lng":11,"lat":12,"coverImageUrl":13,"country":14,"region":15,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":17,"distanceM":-1,"kind":18,"cityGuideId":19,"description":20,"countryCode":21,"adminArea":19,"elevationM":22,"bestMonths":23,"tips":28,"howToGetThere":19,"youtubeIds":29,"timezone":19,"cityGuideSlug":19,"cityGuidePublicId":19,"cityGuideName":19,"poiTheme":19,"poiNeighborhood":19},894,"df046a844e3e","djinguereber-mosque-timbuktu","Djinguereber Mosque","Timbuktu's Friday mosque, an earth building ordered after Mansa Musa's pilgrimage, its walls bristling with stakes because half the city re-plasters it each year.",25,4,-3.0086,16.7722,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F894\u002Fcover.webp","Mali","Timbuktu Region",0,1,"monument",null,"The Djinguereber Mosque is the Friday mosque of Timbuktu, in northern Mali, an earth building ordered by Mansa Musa on his return from the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1327, its walls bristling with timber stakes because half the city climbs them each year to re-plaster it by hand, the oldest of the three mosques of the city. The mosque is banco, mud mixed with straw and pressed on by hand, so that up close the walls are a worked surface rather than a rendered one, with straw ends showing and the marks of the hands, and the stepped pyramidal minaret of the fourteenth century lifts clear of the low sand streets from almost anywhere in the old town; it is often credited to Abu Ishaq al-Sahili, an Andalusian poet Mansa Musa brought home from Mecca and reportedly paid 12,000 mithqals of gold dust. Inside, 25 rows of close-set earth pillars hold up a roof of timber and mud in a hall that stays cool at the hottest hour, when the visitor comes in off the desert and works deep between the pillars away from the door, and three open courts floored with bare sand separate the prayer halls, so that nothing done in them makes a sound.\n\nThe stakes, the toron, are scaffolding as much as decoration: each October, once the rains of July to September have scarred the banco, the masons' guild and hundreds of townspeople climb the poles and re-coat the whole mosque with fresh mud in a festival, and for weeks afterwards the walls are smooth and pale. The roof beams now come from abroad, since Mali can no longer supply the timber and wood for repairs is shipped up from the forests of Ghana. The mosque survived the occupation of the city by jihadists in 2012, which destroyed the saints' tombs around it, and the city's manuscripts were smuggled out in the same years. Djinguereber is a mosque built of the desert's own mud, and the city rebuilds it every year with its hands.","ML",265,[17,24,25,26,27],2,10,11,12,"safety|**Most governments advise against all travel to northern Mali** — the kidnapping risk is real and the roads into Timbuktu are blockaded, so nobody drives here casually any more.\naccess|**Of Timbuktu's three great mosques, Djinguereber is the one open to visitors** — a local guide, fully covered dress and no arrival at the five prayer times, whenever the city can be reached.\ntiming|**The last hour before sunset is when the walls come alive** — low light rakes across the toron poles and throws them as long shadows down the banco, so the hand-worked texture finally reads.\nseason|**Do not expect the dry season to mean clear air** — from December the harmattan carries Saharan dust, and the light over the old town often turns flat and hazy rather than sharp.",[30,31,32,33],"9__4NmFcYr8","l0coc4VoAp8","peMvGoTUmEo","3q-a9VX6S10",[35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,89,94,99,104,109,114,119,123,127,132,136,141,146,151,156,160,165],{"id":36,"slug":37,"name":38,"color":39},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":41,"slug":42,"name":43,"color":44},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":46,"slug":47,"name":48,"color":49},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":51,"slug":52,"name":53,"color":54},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":56,"slug":57,"name":58,"color":59},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":61,"slug":62,"name":63,"color":64},20,"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":66,"slug":67,"name":68,"color":69},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":71,"slug":72,"name":73,"color":74},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":76,"slug":77,"name":78,"color":79},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":81,"slug":82,"name":83,"color":84},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":9,"slug":86,"name":87,"color":88},"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":90,"slug":91,"name":92,"color":93},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":95,"slug":96,"name":97,"color":98},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":100,"slug":101,"name":102,"color":103},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":105,"slug":106,"name":107,"color":108},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":110,"slug":111,"name":112,"color":113},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":115,"slug":116,"name":117,"color":118},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":17,"slug":120,"name":121,"color":122},"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":24,"slug":124,"name":125,"color":126},"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":128,"slug":129,"name":130,"color":131},3,"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":10,"slug":133,"name":134,"color":135},"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":137,"slug":138,"name":139,"color":140},5,"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":142,"slug":143,"name":144,"color":145},6,"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":147,"slug":148,"name":149,"color":150},7,"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":152,"slug":153,"name":154,"color":155},8,"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":27,"slug":157,"name":158,"color":159},"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":161,"slug":162,"name":163,"color":164},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":166,"slug":167,"name":168,"color":169},14,"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"gallery":171,"exps":186,"boxes":203,"seasons":219,"near":250,"peers":262},[172,174,177,180,182,184],{"url":13,"attribution":173},"Foto: Dr. Ondřej HistoriaSalutis \u002F CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":175,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F894\u002Fg0.webp","Foto: Taguelmoust \u002F CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":178,"attribution":179},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F894\u002Fg1.webp","Foto: KaTeznik \u002F CC BY-SA 2.0 FR (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":181,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F894\u002Fg2.webp",{"url":183,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F894\u002Fg3.webp",{"url":185,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F894\u002Fg4.webp",[187,191,195,199],{"title":188,"description":189,"imageUrl":190,"attribution":173},"Trace the hand-laid wall at ground level","Up close the banco is a worked surface rather than a rendered one, with straw ends showing in the mud and the marks of the hands that pressed it on. The lowest toron stubs sit within reach, and the rows above them run all the way to the roofline. Every coat goes on over the last, so the surface you are touching is only a season or two old.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F894\u002Fe1.webp",{"title":192,"description":193,"imageUrl":194,"attribution":176},"Steer through the old town by the pyramidal minaret","The 14th-century mud tower, stepped and studded with the same timber stakes as the walls, lifts clear of the low sand streets from almost anywhere you stand. Keep it in the corner of your eye as you thread Timbuktu's old quarter and it always draws you back to the mosque at the city's centre of gravity.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F894\u002Fe2.webp",{"title":196,"description":197,"imageUrl":198,"attribution":176},"Push to the back of the pillared hall at the hottest hour","Come in off the desert at the peak of the day and work your way deep between the close-set earth pillars, as far from the doorway as you can. The walls are thick mud and they hold their cool, so the further in you go the more the heat falls away, until the only daylight left is a few bars lying on the sand floor. The heavy timber doors set with iron are almost the only material here that is not mud, straw and stone, and the light through them shows how thick the walls really are.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F894\u002Fe3.webp",{"title":200,"description":201,"imageUrl":202,"attribution":179},"Cross the sand courts between the prayer halls","Three open courts separate the prayer halls, floored with bare sand rather than stone or tile, so nothing you do in them makes a sound. Mud walls close them in and the lintels are darkened where generations of hands have steadied on the way through. They are the only part of the building with sky over it.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F894\u002Fe5.webp",[204,209,214],{"boxType":205,"title":206,"body":207,"deepBody":208,"sourceNote":19},"history","The architect who probably wasn't","The mosque is often credited to Abu Ishaq al-Sahili, an Andalusian poet Mansa Musa brought home from Mecca, reportedly paid 12,000 mithqals of gold dust for the job.","The Arabic sources place al-Sahili firmly only as the designer of a royal audience hall in the imperial capital, and even there his role reads as organiser rather than architect. Historians now trace Djinguereber's form to Saharan and West African earthen building rather than to Andalusia — the imported-genius story is largely a modern myth.",{"boxType":210,"title":211,"body":212,"deepBody":213,"sourceNote":19},"culture","Who owns the re-mudding","The annual replastering is not run by the state or by UNESCO. A hereditary guild of masons decides when it happens and leads it, working with the imam and the mosque committee.","The guild's chief mason carries responsibility for Djinguereber specifically. On the day, children ferry water and mud alongside their grandparents, and that is the point: the day is how the technique passes to the next generation. It is the reason anyone in Timbuktu still knows how to build in banco at all.",{"boxType":215,"title":216,"body":217,"deepBody":218,"sourceNote":19},"did_you_know","The roof beams come from abroad now","The mosque's roof rests on timber that Mali can no longer supply — wood for repairs is shipped up from the forests of Ghana.","During the restoration begun in 2006 by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, drainage was rebuilt and roughly half the roof beams were replaced. Hardwood long enough for the job has become scarce as the Sahel dries out, so the survival of a Saharan mud mosque now depends on a supply line running hundreds of kilometres south.",[220,225,230,235,240,245],{"phenomenon":221,"peakMonths":222,"note":223,"requiresDarkSky":224,"sortOrder":17},"prime",[25,26],"Each October, once the July-September rains have scarred the banco, the masons' guild and hundreds of townspeople climb the toron poles and re-coat the whole mosque by hand; for weeks afterwards the walls are smooth and pale.",false,{"phenomenon":226,"peakMonths":227,"note":228,"requiresDarkSky":224,"sortOrder":229},"chapter_edge",[17,24,27],"The coolest, most walkable months, with days near 30°C and genuinely cold nights, and the traditional time to come. The catch is the harmattan: Saharan dust hazes the air, so the light over the old town often reads flat rather than sharp.",50,{"phenomenon":231,"peakMonths":232,"note":233,"requiresDarkSky":224,"sortOrder":234},"chapter_quiet",[128,10,137,142],"The heat climbs hard. March sits in the high 30s, May and June near 42°C, and midday empties the sand-floored hall of all but the faithful. Nothing shuts for the season; the mosque holds its five daily prayers. Come at dawn or dusk.",51,{"phenomenon":231,"peakMonths":236,"note":238,"requiresDarkSky":224,"sortOrder":239},[147,152,237],9,"The one wet stretch of the year. Brief, heavy storms from July to September bring almost all the rain, peaking in August. They wear away the banco, the mud coating that protects the walls. The mosque still fills, and nothing closes.",52,{"phenomenon":241,"peakMonths":242,"note":243,"requiresDarkSky":224,"sortOrder":244},"chapter_peak",[25,26],"October and November sit between the rains and the harmattan: the storms are over, the Saharan dust has not yet arrived, and the air over the old town is at its clearest all year. Nights turn comfortable again.",53,{"phenomenon":246,"peakMonths":247,"note":248,"requiresDarkSky":224,"sortOrder":249},"baseline",[],"The mud mosque stands and fills at prayer all year. What changes seasonally is the heat, the winter harmattan dust that flattens the light, and the summer rains that scar the banco.",99,[251],{"id":252,"publicId":253,"slug":254,"name":255,"shortDescription":256,"categoryId":71,"importance":24,"lng":257,"lat":258,"coverImageUrl":259,"country":14,"region":260,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":261,"kind":19,"cityGuideId":19},321,"b92a71e586a9","bandiagara-escarpment","Bandiagara Escarpment","A sandstone cliff 150 kilometres long in Mali, walked village to village along its base, with Tellem burial caves in hollows near the 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