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Its weight is carried by four curved triangles of masonry down to piers hidden inside the walls, and a ring of forty windows around the base makes the rim look as though it touches nothing.","Its architects, Anthemius and Isidore, were mathematicians rather than masons, and their 537 dome sat dangerously flat. An earthquake dropped it on 7 May 558; Isidore's nephew rebuilt it steeper and higher, reopening in 562. Later collapses forced repairs, and the Fossati brothers cinched iron chains round its base in the 1840s.",{"boxType":207,"title":208,"body":209,"deepBody":210,"sourceNote":150},"history","How the mosaics survived","The gold Byzantine mosaics you see today spent centuries hidden under plaster — and the men who first uncovered them then deliberately covered them again.","After the building became a mosque, its figural mosaics were gradually plastered over. Restoring it in the 1840s, the Swiss Fossati brothers uncovered and carefully documented them, then veiled them once more — which, by chance, helped preserve them. Later conservators brought many back to light, so mosaics and calligraphy now share the same walls.",{"boxType":212,"title":213,"body":214,"deepBody":215,"sourceNote":150},"did_you_know","A Viking scratched his name here","On a marble parapet upstairs, a bored Norse guardsman scratched runes that a thousand years have worn down to four letters.","The Varangian Guard — Norse and Rus mercenaries serving as the emperor's bodyguards — idled in these galleries. Two runic scratches survive: Halfdan's, found on this south-gallery parapet in 1964 and now kept under protective glass, and a fainter one nearby, spotted in 1975. 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