[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"dest-d3e2dc9cba7e":3,"categories-en":38,"detail-extra-14":171,"travel-countries-en":359},{"id":4,"publicId":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"shortDescription":8,"categoryId":9,"importance":10,"lng":11,"lat":12,"coverImageUrl":13,"country":14,"region":15,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":-1,"kind":17,"cityGuideId":18,"description":19,"countryCode":20,"adminArea":18,"elevationM":21,"bestMonths":22,"tips":30,"howToGetThere":18,"youtubeIds":31,"timezone":37,"cityGuideSlug":18,"cityGuidePublicId":18,"cityGuideName":18,"poiTheme":18,"poiNeighborhood":18},14,"d3e2dc9cba7e","lake-van","Lake Van","Eastern Türkiye's soda lake, the largest on Earth: soapy to the touch, one fish found nowhere else, a tenth-century church on its island.",2,5,42.9,38.6483,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F14\u002Fcover.webp","Türkiye","Van",0,"nature",null,"Lake Van is the largest soda lake on Earth, in eastern Türkiye, 3,700 square kilometres of water at 1,640 metres between the volcanoes of Süphan and Nemrut, soapy to the touch, home to one fish found nowhere else, with a tenth-century Armenian church on its island of Akdamar, and it is swum in July and August, crossed by boat to the church and eaten beside at the breakfast tables of the city of Van. The lake has no outlet, so the water that flows in concentrates into a soda that lathers with the oils on the skin, soft and slippery to wade into, and the carbonate towers rising from its bed are the largest microbialites ever found, some forty metres tall and still growing; the only fish is the pearl mullet, which leaves the soda water in May and June to spawn in the freshwater streams, leaping the Muradiye rapids in silver bursts, with fishing banned from mid-April to mid-July to let it through. Boats leave the Gevaş jetty when they fill and cross in twenty minutes to Akdamar, where the Church of the Holy Cross of 921 stands among almond trees, its outer walls carved with Bible scenes, vines and animals in relief, and the almonds flower white across the island from late March.\n\nThe city of Van is the base, and its breakfast is a regional institution, the herbed cheese otlu peynir, kavut, murtuğa, honey with clotted cream and a crowd of small dishes arriving at once with dark tea. The Van cat, chalk white, often with one blue eye and one amber, is the one cat that gets into the water and swims. The lake is calm before the day's wind gets up, when Süphan stands in it at first light, and the water warms enough to swim only in July and August, staying a cold, windswept inland sea the rest of the year. Lake Van is a sea of soda in the mountains, and the church on its island is the reason for the boat.","TR",1640,[23,24,10,25,26,27,28,29],3,4,6,7,8,9,10,"wildlife|**The fish run follows the water temperature, not the calendar** — a cold spring can push it back by weeks, so ask in Muradiye or Erciş before you drive out to the streams.\naccess|**Boats to Akdamar leave the Gevaş jetty when they fill up** — in summer that is a short wait, but off season you may have to gather a group or pay for the empty seats.\nwater|**Rinse off after a swim.** The soda dries to a slick film on skin and hair and stings badly if it gets into your eyes, so carry fresh water down to the beach with you.\nsafety|**Get in from the sheltered bays** at Edremit or Gevaş; this is open water with real currents, and the province warns swimmers off certain stretches of shore every summer.\ncrowds|**One Divine Liturgy a year is sung in the island church**, on a day in early September — pilgrims fill the boats then, while on an ordinary morning the carvings are yours alone.",[32,33,34,35,36],"ovg0BG7891c","kXgcExaaxQg","I7cFlVPnitg","yI6QtgKw804","hDPYqqIxzJo","Europe\u002FIstanbul",[39,44,49,54,59,64,69,74,79,84,89,94,99,104,109,114,119,124,129,133,137,141,145,149,153,157,162,167],{"id":40,"slug":41,"name":42,"color":43},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":45,"slug":46,"name":47,"color":48},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":50,"slug":51,"name":52,"color":53},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":55,"slug":56,"name":57,"color":58},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":60,"slug":61,"name":62,"color":63},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":65,"slug":66,"name":67,"color":68},20,"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":70,"slug":71,"name":72,"color":73},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":75,"slug":76,"name":77,"color":78},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":80,"slug":81,"name":82,"color":83},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":85,"slug":86,"name":87,"color":88},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":90,"slug":91,"name":92,"color":93},25,"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":95,"slug":96,"name":97,"color":98},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":100,"slug":101,"name":102,"color":103},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":105,"slug":106,"name":107,"color":108},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":110,"slug":111,"name":112,"color":113},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":115,"slug":116,"name":117,"color":118},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":120,"slug":121,"name":122,"color":123},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":125,"slug":126,"name":127,"color":128},1,"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":9,"slug":130,"name":131,"color":132},"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":23,"slug":134,"name":135,"color":136},"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":24,"slug":138,"name":139,"color":140},"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":10,"slug":142,"name":143,"color":144},"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":25,"slug":146,"name":147,"color":148},"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":26,"slug":150,"name":151,"color":152},"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":27,"slug":154,"name":155,"color":156},"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":158,"slug":159,"name":160,"color":161},12,"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":163,"slug":164,"name":165,"color":166},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":4,"slug":168,"name":169,"color":170},"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"gallery":172,"exps":185,"boxes":210,"seasons":226,"near":269,"peers":358},[173,175,178,181,183],{"url":13,"attribution":174},"Seda Ünver \u002F Pexels",{"url":176,"attribution":177},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F14\u002Fg-677.webp","Ersan Yılmaz \u002F Pexels",{"url":179,"attribution":180},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F14\u002Fg-678.webp","Leyla Helvaci \u002F Pexels",{"url":182,"attribution":180},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F14\u002Fg-679.webp",{"url":184,"attribution":180},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F14\u002Fg3-ipze.webp",[186,191,195,200,205],{"title":187,"description":188,"imageUrl":189,"attribution":190},"Cross to Akdamar and read its walls","Boats leave the Gevaş jetty when they fill up — a short wait in summer, a gathered group off season — and the crossing takes twenty minutes. Ashore, walk the outside of the church before you go in: the carving runs the whole way round the pink-red tufa and only reads panel by panel. On an ordinary morning the wall is yours alone; the one September liturgy fills every boat.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F14\u002Fe-47.webp","Adam Jones, Ph.D. - Global Photo Archive \u002F BY-SA (Openverse)",{"title":192,"description":193,"imageUrl":194,"attribution":180},"Swim in the soda water","Wade in and the water feels wrong in a good way: soft, slippery, faintly soapy, because the dissolved soda lathers with the oils on your skin. It is not the sea — Lake Van carries less salt than seawater, so you will not float any better here. Rinse afterwards, before the film dries.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F14\u002Fe-49.webp",{"title":196,"description":197,"imageUrl":198,"attribution":199},"Catch Süphan's reflection at first light","The lake is usually calm before the day's wind gets up. Come down to the water early and the snow cone of Süphan, the volcano across on the north shore, lies flat on a surface with no ripple in it. The same stillness puts the church's red stone upside down in the shallows.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F14\u002Fe-50.webp","Mehmet Kılınç \u002F Pexels",{"title":201,"description":202,"imageUrl":203,"attribution":204},"Begin the day with a Van breakfast","Van's breakfast is a regional institution: the herbed cheese otlu peynir, kavut, murtuğa, honey with clotted cream and a crowd of small dishes arriving at once, all of it chased with dark tea. Sit down to the full spread by the lake and you will not need lunch.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F14\u002Fe-51.webp","Oben Kural \u002F Pexels",{"title":206,"description":207,"imageUrl":208,"attribution":209},"Stand at the rapids during the pearl mullet run","In May and June the only fish in the lake leaves it. Pearl mullet crowd the stream mouths and throw themselves at the Muradiye falls, over and over, driven to fresh water because their eggs cannot survive the soda. The gulls know the calendar and line the banks to feed.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F14\u002Fe6-eqy5.webp","\"Muradiye Selalesi\" by Vodimivado, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F3.0)",[211,216,221],{"boxType":212,"title":213,"body":214,"deepBody":215,"sourceNote":18},"geology","The towers under the water","The carbonate towers rising from Lake Van's bed are the largest microbialites ever found — some stand 40 metres tall, and they are still growing.","Calcium-rich groundwater seeps up through the lake floor and meets water saturated with carbonate; mats of cyanobacteria growing at the vents make the two precipitate together into aragonite and calcite, stacking a tower around each spring. A 1991 report in Nature announced them to science. As the lake retreats, the shallowest of them are surfacing.",{"boxType":217,"title":218,"body":219,"deepBody":220,"sourceNote":18},"legend","Akh, Tamar!","The island's name is said to come from a cry. A princess called Tamar lived here, and each night her lover swam out to her, steering by the lantern she set on the shore.","Her father found out and put the light out, or moved it onto the rocks. The swimmer lost his bearing in the dark and drowned, and the water is supposed to have carried back his last words: \"Akh, Tamar!\" Hovhannes Tumanyan turned the tale into a poem in 1891. Scholars read it as folk etymology — the name is older than the story.",{"boxType":222,"title":223,"body":224,"deepBody":225,"sourceNote":18},"wildlife","The cat that swims","The Van cat is chalk white, often with one blue eye and one amber, and — unlike almost every other cat — it will get into the water and swim.","The breed comes from this basin and is now rare enough that Van Yüzüncü Yıl University keeps a research centre in the city to breed and study it, where visitors can meet the cats. Odd eyes are the prized trait, but plenty of Van cats have two eyes of the same colour.",[227,232,236,240,246,251,256,260,264],{"phenomenon":228,"peakMonths":229,"note":230,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":125},"migration",[10,25],"The pearl mullet, the only fish in this soda water, runs up the freshwater streams to spawn and leaps the Muradiye rapids in silver bursts; fishing is banned 15 April–15 July to let it through.",false,{"phenomenon":233,"peakMonths":234,"note":235,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":9},"blossom",[24],"The almond trees around the Church of the Holy Cross flower white across Akdamar island, usually from late March into April; the exact week shifts with the spring.",{"phenomenon":237,"peakMonths":238,"note":239,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":23},"swim",[26,27],"The lake reliably warms enough to swim only in July and August, water into the low-to-mid 20s°C, with June and September often mild at the shoulders; the rest of the year it stays a cold, windswept inland sea.",{"phenomenon":241,"peakMonths":242,"note":244,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":245},"chapter_quiet",[125,9,243,158],11,"Midwinter air stays below freezing. The shallow northern bays can ice over, but the lake's soda content keeps the rest of it open. There is no swimming, and boats to Akdamar sail only when they fill, so you may end up hiring a whole boat. The island church stays open through winter.",50,{"phenomenon":247,"peakMonths":248,"note":249,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":250},"chapter_edge",[23,24],"Snow retreats and the plateau greens; through April the almond trees flower white across Akdamar, and the pearl mullet begin massing at the river mouths before their run. The water is still too cold to swim, but boats sail more often as spring sets in.",51,{"phenomenon":252,"peakMonths":253,"note":254,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":255},"chapter_peak",[10,25],"Almond leaf shades the island church and its carvings in the lake's kindest weeks.",52,{"phenomenon":252,"peakMonths":257,"note":258,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":259},[26,27],"High summer, and the only months the lake reliably warms enough to swim, water into the low-to-mid 20s°C, under long, dry, sunny days. Boats to Akdamar leave the Gevaş jetty as they fill, which in these months means a short wait; wade in and the soda feels slippery and faintly soapy.",53,{"phenomenon":247,"peakMonths":261,"note":262,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":263},[28,29],"Early September the water still holds near 21°C, swimmable and quiet, and on one day the year's single Divine Liturgy is sung inside the island church. Through October the plateau cools and the almond leaves turn; boats sail less often as the season winds down.",54,{"phenomenon":265,"peakMonths":266,"note":267,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":268},"baseline",[],"The soda water, the submerged carbonate towers and the carved island church stand here every day; the fish run, the almond blossom, the summer swim and the winter snow are what turn with the season.",99,[270,281,291,303,313,325,336,347],{"id":271,"publicId":272,"slug":273,"name":274,"shortDescription":275,"categoryId":9,"importance":25,"lng":276,"lat":277,"coverImageUrl":278,"country":14,"region":279,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":280,"kind":18,"cityGuideId":18},512,"d9b52a777928","nemrut-crater-lake","Lake Nemrut","A cold crater lake inside Turkey's largest caldera, with a bath-warm second lake beside it, on the volcano whose lava once made Lake Van.",42.23,38.65,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F512\u002Fcover.webp","Bitlis (Tatvan)",58325.40701754,{"id":100,"publicId":282,"slug":283,"name":284,"shortDescription":285,"categoryId":24,"importance":10,"lng":286,"lat":287,"coverImageUrl":288,"country":14,"region":289,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":290,"kind":18,"cityGuideId":18},"7f6fc4b368b2","mount-ararat","Mount Ararat","An ice-capped volcano rising three kilometres straight off flat farmland to 5,137 metres, Turkey's highest, and the mountain people have long sought the ark on.",44.2983,39.7026,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F27\u002Fcover.webp","Ağrı",168221.28032489,{"id":292,"publicId":293,"slug":294,"name":295,"shortDescription":296,"categoryId":25,"importance":9,"lng":297,"lat":298,"coverImageUrl":299,"country":300,"region":301,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":302,"kind":18,"cityGuideId":18},384,"b40c8a04b4b1","garni-gorge","Garni Gorge (Symphony of Stones)","An Armenian cliff of thousands of basalt columns hanging over a gorge like pipes of a stone organ, with a first-century temple on the 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Region",262151.07436196,{"id":326,"publicId":327,"slug":328,"name":329,"shortDescription":330,"categoryId":125,"importance":23,"lng":331,"lat":332,"coverImageUrl":333,"country":300,"region":334,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":335,"kind":18,"cityGuideId":18},391,"57f59687ea7e","jermuk-waterfall","Jermuk Waterfall","A seventy-metre fall that never comes down as one column: sloping basalt combs it apart into dozens of fine threads Armenians call the Mermaid's Hair.",45.6722,39.8417,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F391\u002Fcover.webp","Vayots Dzor",273523.5350363,{"id":337,"publicId":338,"slug":339,"name":340,"shortDescription":341,"categoryId":9,"importance":9,"lng":342,"lat":343,"coverImageUrl":344,"country":300,"region":345,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":346,"kind":18,"cityGuideId":18},382,"a18a6353e9c2","lake-sevan","Lake Sevan","The largest lake in the Caucasus, 1,900 metres up and drained so far by 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