[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"dest-23040e7c5519":3,"categories-en":32,"detail-extra-1346":171,"travel-countries-en":307},{"id":4,"publicId":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"shortDescription":8,"categoryId":9,"importance":10,"lng":11,"lat":12,"coverImageUrl":13,"country":14,"region":15,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":-1,"kind":17,"cityGuideId":18,"description":19,"countryCode":20,"adminArea":9,"elevationM":9,"bestMonths":21,"tips":22,"howToGetThere":9,"youtubeIds":23,"timezone":27,"cityGuideSlug":28,"cityGuidePublicId":29,"cityGuideName":15,"poiTheme":30,"poiNeighborhood":31},1346,"23040e7c5519","lisbon-avenida-da-liberdade","Avenida da Liberdade","Eleven hundred metres of Lisbon boulevard built over a walled garden that turned away anyone in a workman's jacket, now the city's luxury address.",null,3,-9.14572,38.72035,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1346\u002Fcover-6dab.webp","Portugal","Lisbon",0,"city_poi",8,"Avenida da Liberdade is eleven hundred metres of boulevard, ninety metres wide, and it was built on top of a garden that most of Lisbon was not allowed to enter. The Passeio Público was laid out in 1764 behind a wall and remade as a public garden in 1838. Its rules barred the drunk, the sick, children on their own, men carrying loads on their backs and, in those exact words, men in a workman's jacket. Anyone not decently dressed was turned away.\n\nEight hundred and twenty-two trees were lifted out of the ground when the garden went, and the planes that shade the avenue now went in with the boulevard. Ten lanes of traffic run down the middle, but the two outer strips are paved in black and white limestone and carry most of the walking. The shops along them are the city's luxury addresses, and the theatres and hotels between them keep the avenue in use after the shops close. On the night of 12 June the traffic stops altogether and the whole length becomes a parade ground.","PT",[],"orientation|**Walk it downhill, from Marquês de Pombal to Restauradores** — the avenue drops the whole way, so going down means the Baixa and the castle stay open in front of you.\nseason|**12 June is the one night** — the marchas populares, twenty neighbourhood parades in costume, come down the avenue from nine in the evening, and the road closes to traffic from six.\nphoto|**The best single view is from above, at the top** — From the lawns at the head of the avenue the whole eleven hundred metres lines up with the old city and the castle behind it.\nweather|**Go early** — This is a ten-lane road as well as a promenade, and measured pollution here runs above national limits, so the mornings are both quieter and cleaner.",[24,25,26],"bdiCSnaY-00","sw2bZWnpKXo","6KnD1zXVDIw","Europe\u002FLisbon","lisbon","bf583da578bb","street","Avenida da Liberdade (Santo António)",[33,38,43,48,53,58,63,68,73,78,83,88,93,98,103,108,113,118,123,128,132,137,142,147,152,156,161,166],{"id":34,"slug":35,"name":36,"color":37},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":39,"slug":40,"name":41,"color":42},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":44,"slug":45,"name":46,"color":47},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":49,"slug":50,"name":51,"color":52},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":54,"slug":55,"name":56,"color":57},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":59,"slug":60,"name":61,"color":62},20,"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":64,"slug":65,"name":66,"color":67},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":69,"slug":70,"name":71,"color":72},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":74,"slug":75,"name":76,"color":77},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":79,"slug":80,"name":81,"color":82},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":84,"slug":85,"name":86,"color":87},25,"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":89,"slug":90,"name":91,"color":92},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":94,"slug":95,"name":96,"color":97},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":99,"slug":100,"name":101,"color":102},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":104,"slug":105,"name":106,"color":107},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":109,"slug":110,"name":111,"color":112},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":114,"slug":115,"name":116,"color":117},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":119,"slug":120,"name":121,"color":122},1,"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":124,"slug":125,"name":126,"color":127},2,"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":10,"slug":129,"name":130,"color":131},"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":133,"slug":134,"name":135,"color":136},4,"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":138,"slug":139,"name":140,"color":141},5,"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":143,"slug":144,"name":145,"color":146},6,"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":148,"slug":149,"name":150,"color":151},7,"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":18,"slug":153,"name":154,"color":155},"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":157,"slug":158,"name":159,"color":160},12,"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":162,"slug":163,"name":164,"color":165},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":167,"slug":168,"name":169,"color":170},14,"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"gallery":172,"exps":187,"boxes":203,"seasons":219,"near":220,"peers":221},[173,175,178,181,184],{"url":13,"attribution":174},"Alexander Svensson \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":176,"attribution":177},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1346\u002Fg0-ff0f.webp","-wuppertaler \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":179,"attribution":180},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1346\u002Fg1-24d0.webp","Elfabso \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":182,"attribution":183},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1346\u002Fg2-3037.webp","Manuelvbotelho \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":185,"attribution":186},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1346\u002Fg3-9a3b.webp","Werner100359 \u002F Wikimedia Commons",[188,193,198],{"title":189,"description":190,"imageUrl":191,"attribution":192},"Find the two stone rivers left from the garden","Look low down in the central strip rather than at eye level: two carved figures lying on rockwork, half buried in ferns and ivy, with water running past them. They are on the shaded side, away from the traffic. Almost everyone walks straight past them.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1346\u002Fe0-c9a9.webp","Haydn Blackey from Cardiff, Wales \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"title":194,"description":195,"imageUrl":196,"attribution":197},"Follow the water down the middle","Behind the iron railings of the central strip there is a chain of narrow channels, pools and small cascades running downhill with the slope. Walk inside the railings rather than along the shop windows. It is quieter, it is shaded by plane trees, and it is the only stretch of the avenue that still feels like the garden the avenue was built over.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1346\u002Fe1-caaa.webp","Benoît Prieur \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"title":199,"description":200,"imageUrl":201,"attribution":202},"Read the pavement instead of the shops","The whole length is laid in black and white limestone cobbles, cut into patterns that change from block to block. Look down as you walk and you will pass waves, medallions and knots, all of it maintained by hand. Portuguese cities pave their streets this way, and this avenue is where Lisbon puts the craft on display.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1346\u002Fe2-4bfb.webp","ralmonline alm \u002F Wikimedia Commons",[204,209,214],{"boxType":205,"title":206,"body":207,"deepBody":208,"sourceNote":9},"history","The garden Lisbon paid for and then lost","Public subscription funded the garden in the 1830s, with small sums from ordinary citizens, and it opened in 1838. Those same citizens later signed a petition to save it.","The council put in what it could and it was not enough, so money was raised by subscription instead. Municipal employees gave too, in smaller amounts. Forty years later the citizens who had paid for the garden petitioned against its demolition. One writer of the day said the Passeio Público was where Lisbon went to be seen in public.",{"boxType":210,"title":211,"body":212,"deepBody":213,"sourceNote":9},"culture","The petition went to the wrong door","The petition went to the council, which no longer held that power. A municipal charter of 1874 had handed the decision to the mayor and the chief engineer.","Both the mayor and the chief engineer wanted the boulevard, and both kept their posts: Ressano Garcia, Paris-trained, stayed chief engineer until 1911. The people who had paid for the garden by subscription were therefore petitioning a body that no longer had the power to stop the work. The garden came down anyway.",{"boxType":215,"title":216,"body":217,"deepBody":218,"sourceNote":9},"did_you_know","The garden they called a relic was built by their own side","The demolition was justified as clearing away a relic of the eighteenth century. In fact the garden had been made by liberals sixty years earlier.","The 1830s administration built and planted the garden. The 1870s administration presented it as the work of Pombal, from the previous century, and pulled it down. Calling it a leftover of the old regime was the argument that made demolition look reasonable, and it has stuck in the history books ever since. 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