[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"dest-3921f256cdab":3,"categories-en":36,"detail-extra-546":170,"travel-countries-en":278},{"id":4,"publicId":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"shortDescription":8,"categoryId":9,"importance":10,"lng":11,"lat":12,"coverImageUrl":13,"country":14,"region":15,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":-1,"kind":17,"cityGuideId":18,"description":19,"countryCode":20,"adminArea":21,"elevationM":22,"bestMonths":23,"tips":30,"howToGetThere":18,"youtubeIds":31,"timezone":18,"cityGuideSlug":18,"cityGuidePublicId":18,"cityGuideName":18,"poiTheme":18,"poiNeighborhood":18},546,"3921f256cdab","mesopotamian-marshes","Mesopotamian Marshes (Ahwar)","Iraqi wetlands drained in the 1990s and brought back by the people who live on them, poled through in reed canoes past floating islands.",20,4,47.03,30.98,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fcover.webp","Iraq","Dhi Qar",0,"nature",null,"The Mesopotamian Marshes, the Ahwar, are the wetlands of southern Iraq where the Tigris and the Euphrates meet, in Dhi Qar and the neighbouring provinces, drained on purpose in the 1990s and brought back by the people who live on them, and they are poled through in reed canoes past floating islands, reed halls and herds of water buffalo, in a landscape that the Sumerians knew. The marshes did not dry out through neglect: Saddam Hussein built canals to empty them after the uprising of 1991, and the Ma'dan, the Marsh Arabs, were driven out; after 2003 they broke the dykes themselves and the water came back over much of the old area, though the dams upstream in Turkey and Iran now decide how much of the spring flood arrives. The mashoof is the long, shallow canoe that a boatman drives with a pole, the only way into the narrow channels between the reedbeds, and the islands in the water are made, not found, layers of reed and silt piled into rafts strong enough to carry a hut, a family and several buffalo, rebuilt as the bottom rots.\n\nThe reed halls, the mudhif, are built of bundled reed columns tied and never nailed, with tufted tops, the same form that appears on Sumerian carvings of the third millennium BC, and guests are received in them with tea. Water buffalo are the currency of the marshes, swimming between the islands in herds driven by boys in canoes, and the fishing is done standing, one man poling while his partner spins a circular net out over the shallows in one motion. This is one of the great bird places of the Middle East, heard before it is seen: the marshes hold roughly half the world's marbled ducks in winter, and the Basra reed warbler nests in the cattail beds and almost nowhere else. The visit is made from Chibayish with a local guide. The Ahwar are a wetland that was killed and revived, and the canoe is still the way through it.","IQ","Chibayish (Al-Jibayish)",5,[24,25,26,10,22,27,28,29],1,2,3,10,11,12,"months|**Skip mid-summer** — from June to August the marshes push past 50°C, the water drops and turns salty, and there is no shade on an open boat; the cool half of the year is far kinder.\naccess|**Everything starts in Chibayish** — you hire the boat together with its owner there, and a local guide earns their fee, because this is water people live on, not a park.\ntiming|**Go out in the first or last hour of light** — at midday the water goes flat and white and the buffalo are hidden; at dawn the channels lie still and the reedbeds are loud.\nwildlife|**The birds are out on the open lagoons, not in the reed corridors** — ask for a run to open water, and bring binoculars, because the winter duck rafts keep their distance from any boat.\nwater|**Check the water before you commit** — how much marsh you can actually reach swings with the rains and with dam releases upstream, and in dry years the channels near Chibayish sink to mud.",[32,33,34,35],"bs0xckP9qFM","F-JhYyySyuQ","JWsXq071IRo","-G_Ya5oJiVA",[37,42,47,52,57,62,66,71,76,81,86,91,96,101,106,111,116,121,125,129,133,137,141,146,151,156,160,165],{"id":38,"slug":39,"name":40,"color":41},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":43,"slug":44,"name":45,"color":46},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":48,"slug":49,"name":50,"color":51},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":53,"slug":54,"name":55,"color":56},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":58,"slug":59,"name":60,"color":61},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":9,"slug":63,"name":64,"color":65},"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":67,"slug":68,"name":69,"color":70},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":72,"slug":73,"name":74,"color":75},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":77,"slug":78,"name":79,"color":80},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":82,"slug":83,"name":84,"color":85},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"color":90},25,"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":92,"slug":93,"name":94,"color":95},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":97,"slug":98,"name":99,"color":100},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"color":105},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":107,"slug":108,"name":109,"color":110},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":112,"slug":113,"name":114,"color":115},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":117,"slug":118,"name":119,"color":120},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":24,"slug":122,"name":123,"color":124},"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":25,"slug":126,"name":127,"color":128},"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":26,"slug":130,"name":131,"color":132},"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":10,"slug":134,"name":135,"color":136},"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":22,"slug":138,"name":139,"color":140},"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":142,"slug":143,"name":144,"color":145},6,"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":147,"slug":148,"name":149,"color":150},7,"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":152,"slug":153,"name":154,"color":155},8,"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":29,"slug":157,"name":158,"color":159},"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":161,"slug":162,"name":163,"color":164},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":166,"slug":167,"name":168,"color":169},14,"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"gallery":171,"exps":189,"boxes":213,"seasons":229,"near":264,"peers":277},[172,174,177,180,183,186],{"url":13,"attribution":173},"Foto: Ahmed Abdul Amiralem \u002F CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":175,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fg0.webp","Foto: Taisir Mahdi \u002F CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":178,"attribution":179},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fg1.webp","Foto: Bilinmeyen \u002F CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":181,"attribution":182},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fg2.webp","Foto: Salam aldrage \u002F CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":184,"attribution":185},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fg3.webp","Foto: Pharling \u002F CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":187,"attribution":188},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fg4.webp","Foto: Hassan Janali, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers \u002F Kamu malı (Wikimedia Commons)",[190,195,199,204,208],{"title":191,"description":192,"imageUrl":193,"attribution":194},"Pole into the reed channels in a mashoof","The mashoof is a long, shallow canoe that a boatman drives with a pole rather than a paddle, and it is the only way into the narrow channels. The reeds rise well above the boat and close behind you, so the marsh arrives in fragments: a heron lifting off, a buffalo track cut through the wall of green, then open water.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fe1.webp","Foto: Sgt. Gustavo Olgiati \u002F Kamu malı (Wikimedia Commons)",{"title":196,"description":197,"imageUrl":198,"attribution":194},"Stand on a floating island the Ma'dan built","The islands here are made, not found: layers of reed and silt are piled into rafts called chibasha, strong enough to carry a hut, a family and several water buffalo, and rebuilt as the bottom layers rot away. Step onto one and the ground gives slightly under your weight — you are standing on the marsh, not on land.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fe2.webp",{"title":200,"description":201,"imageUrl":202,"attribution":203},"Cut the engine and let the reedbeds sound","This is one of the great bird places of the Middle East, and it is heard before it is seen. Ask the boatman to stop the motor beside a reed wall in the early morning. Warblers rattle deep in the stems, and out on the open lagoons in winter the ducks lift in sheets when a boat comes too close.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fe4.webp","Foto: Radeef Bilal \u002F CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"title":205,"description":206,"imageUrl":207,"attribution":194},"Watch a net thrown from a moving boat","Marsh fishing is done standing: the boatman holds the line while his partner spins a circular net out over the shallows in one motion. Carp and catfish come out of channels barely deep enough for the hull, and the day's catch is sold the same evening in Chibayish.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fe5.webp",{"title":209,"description":210,"imageUrl":211,"attribution":212},"Follow the buffalo herds between the islands","Water buffalo are the currency of the marshes. They are milked for the thick cream called geymar, they swim between islands to graze, and they are fed cut reed by hand when the water gets too salty for the green shoots. Sit near a herder's island in the morning and you watch the animals slide off the reed platform one by one into the channel. In the last hour of light they swim home again, snouts above the surface, while the marsh turns copper around them.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F546\u002Fe6-i5a.webp","\"The marshes of Iraq\" by Taisir Mahdi, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0)",[214,219,224],{"boxType":215,"title":216,"body":217,"deepBody":218,"sourceNote":18},"history","The rivers built to empty a marsh","The Ahwar did not dry out through neglect. It was engineered away: a system of canals and embankments was cut to carry both rivers past the wetlands and out to the Gulf.","The 565-kilometre Main Outfall Drain, known as the Third River, was completed in 1992; the Glory Canal and the Mother of All Battles canal followed, backed by thousands of kilometres of embankment. The Central Marshes lost two thirds of their water within about two years. In 2003 the people who had been dried out cut the dykes open by hand.",{"boxType":220,"title":221,"body":222,"deepBody":223,"sourceNote":18},"culture","A hall of reeds, tied and not nailed","The same form — bundled reed columns with tufted tops — appears on Sumerian carvings of the third millennium BC.","A mudhif is built from nothing but marsh reed: bundles planted in two facing rows, bent towards each other and lashed into arches, with no nails and no timber. The number of arches is set by tribe and family, and one of the largest at Chibayish runs about 30 metres on seventeen of them. The room you are received in is a design roughly 5,000 years old.",{"boxType":225,"title":226,"body":227,"deepBody":228,"sourceNote":18},"wildlife","The bird that has nowhere else to go","The Basra reed warbler nests in the cattail beds of these marshes and almost nowhere else. When the reeds dry, the species has no second home.","Iraq holds over 90% of the world's breeding population of this endangered warbler, and the marshes are also the stronghold of the Iraq babbler. Surveys have recorded 264 bird species here, 77 of them breeding; the rest arrive on the flyway that links Siberia and Central Asia with Africa.",[230,235,239,244,248,254,259],{"phenomenon":231,"peakMonths":232,"note":233,"requiresDarkSky":234,"sortOrder":24},"birds",[28,29,24,25],"Wintering wildfowl pack the open lagoons: the Ahwar holds roughly half the world's marbled ducks, and a late-January count across the Hawizeh marshes logged more than 45,000 waterbirds of 63 species.",false,{"phenomenon":236,"peakMonths":237,"note":238,"requiresDarkSky":234,"sortOrder":25},"highwater",[26,10,22],"Snowmelt in the Turkish and Iranian mountains sends the spring flood pulse down the Tigris and Euphrates: water is highest, reeds greenest and the narrow channels navigable — but dams upstream now decide how much of it arrives.",{"phenomenon":240,"peakMonths":241,"note":242,"requiresDarkSky":234,"sortOrder":243},"chapter_peak",[24,25,28,29],"The mild, damp half-year — daytime highs around 19–26°C — and the birds' peak: wintering wildfowl raft on the open lagoons, the Ahwar holding thousands of marbled ducks. Poling out at dawn, the reedbeds are loud.",50,{"phenomenon":240,"peakMonths":245,"note":246,"requiresDarkSky":234,"sortOrder":247},[26,10,22],"March is mild and late May is hot, so the earlier weeks are the more comfortable ones on the water.",51,{"phenomenon":249,"peakMonths":250,"note":252,"requiresDarkSky":234,"sortOrder":253},"chapter_quiet",[142,147,152,251],9,"Nothing here closes, but the heat keeps people away: highs of 44–46°C, and over 50°C in the 2025 drought. There is no shade on an open boat, and the water shrinks and turns salty. It is punishing for the buffalo and for you.",52,{"phenomenon":255,"peakMonths":256,"note":257,"requiresDarkSky":234,"sortOrder":258},"chapter_edge",[27],"The heat finally breaks — highs easing into the mid-30s°C — though the water still sits at its yearly low after the dry summer. The first wintering birds trickle back: a quiet shoulder before the marsh refills and the wildfowl arrive.",53,{"phenomenon":260,"peakMonths":261,"note":262,"requiresDarkSky":234,"sortOrder":263},"baseline",[],"Reed islands, water buffalo, mashoof canoes and Chibayish's nail-free mudhif halls stand year-round; what shifts is the water — its height, saltiness and reach — and the wintering birds it draws.",99,[265],{"id":266,"publicId":267,"slug":268,"name":269,"shortDescription":270,"categoryId":161,"importance":147,"lng":271,"lat":272,"coverImageUrl":273,"country":274,"region":275,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":276,"kind":18,"cityGuideId":18},775,"69558dc0f8f0","failaka-island","Failaka Island","A Kuwaiti island holding two ruins four thousand years apart: a Greek outpost founded under Alexander, and a town emptied by the 1990 invasion.",48.3333,29.4389,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F775\u002Fcover.webp","Kuwait","Gulf of 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