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On clear mornings from late autumn to early spring, when fresh snow has recoated the summit and before the summer haze sets in, the cone floats above the Tehran skyline seventy kilometres away, the way Fuji floats above Tokyo. The mountain is in every Iranian's head before they see it: in the Shahnameh, the national epic, and in older Zoroastrian myth, Damavand is the prison of Zahhak, a tyrant with serpents growing from his shoulders, chained inside the peak until the end of the world, and the mountain appears on banknotes and in poems as the country itself. It is a volcano, and only sleeping: the summit crater is crusted with yellow sulphur and vents warm gas, and the last stretch of the climb is walked in air that smells of it.\n\nThe classic route is the southern one from the village of Polur, three or four days moving up through staged camps. Green meadows at Goosfand Sara give way to endless scree, and mule trains still haul gear and water from the meadow up to the Bargah-e Sevom hut at 4,220 metres, the mountain's old logistics in daily use through the summer. From there the summit day starts before dawn, and in the safe window from July to September climbers reach the crater rim as the sun comes up over a sea of cloud with the Iranian plateau spread far below; the altitude is the difficulty, not the terrain. The mountain is also seen whole from below. From the green summer pastures of Lar National Park, on its western flank, the flawless cone stands with its snow cap above a plain where flocks graze and shepherds camp, the view that painters have used for centuries. Damavand is the mountain Iran measures itself against, and it lets you stand on top of it.","IR",5610,[90,95,100,115,120,125,162,163,164,130],9,10,11,"safety|**Altitude, not the terrain, is what turns people back** — sleep at least one night at Bargah-e Sevom camp (4,220 m) to acclimatise before the final push to the summit.\nview|**On a clear morning the cone is visible from Tehran** — late autumn to early spring, after fresh snow and before the summer haze, gives the sharpest view from the city.\nwater|**Soak at Larijan after the descent** — natural hot springs at the mountain's southern foot, close to Polur village, are the traditional reward for tired climbers.\npermit|**Foreign climbers need a federation permit** — the Iran Mountaineering and Sport Climbing Federation issues it for every route and every season, and agencies arrange it or you collect it at Polur.",[167,168],"f_8ZIQAQ5E8","wgjwiHbf_XU","Asia\u002FTehran",{"gallery":171,"exps":187,"boxes":200,"seasons":211,"near":249,"peers":260},[172,174,177,179,182,185],{"url":152,"attribution":173},"Sina Nazari \u002F Pexels",{"url":175,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F121\u002Fg0.webp","Safa.daneshvar \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":178,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F121\u002Fg1.webp",{"url":180,"attribution":181},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F121\u002Fg2.webp","\"Mount Damavand, Iran\" by Ninara · CC BY 2.0 (creativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F2.0)",{"url":183,"attribution":184},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F121\u002Fg3.webp","Alireza Javaheri \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":186,"attribution":181},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F121\u002Fg4.webp",[188,192,196],{"title":189,"description":190,"imageUrl":191,"attribution":184},"Climb the classic Polur route","Trek Damavand's popular southern line from the village of Polur, moving up through staged camps as green meadows give way to endless scree and thin, sulphur-scented air on the final push to the 5,609-metre summit.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F121\u002Fe1.webp",{"title":193,"description":194,"imageUrl":195,"attribution":181},"Take in the cone from the Lar valley","From the green summer pastures of Lar National Park you take in the whole mountain at once: the flawless cone, its snow cap, and the flocks grazing on the plain below. All of it comes without a single step of climbing.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F121\u002Fe3.webp",{"title":197,"description":198,"imageUrl":199,"attribution":181},"Walk with the mule caravans","Follow the mule trains that still haul gear and water from the Goosfand Sara meadow up to the Bargah-e Sevom camp at 4,220 metres — the mountain's old climbing logistics, in daily use through the summer season.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F121\u002Fe4.webp",[201,206],{"boxType":202,"title":203,"body":204,"deepBody":205,"sourceNote":157},"legend","The dragon chained in the mountain","In the Shahnameh and older Zoroastrian myth, Damavand is the prison of Zahhak — a tyrant with serpents growing from his shoulders — chained inside the peak until the end of the world.","The hero Fereydun defeats Zahhak but cannot kill him, so he binds him in a cave beneath the summit, where the serpent-king strains at his chains forever. For Iranians the image made Damavand a lasting symbol of tyranny overcome and of the nation's endurance.",{"boxType":207,"title":208,"body":209,"deepBody":210,"sourceNote":157},"geology","The warm heart under the ice","Snow caps Damavand for most of the year, but the summit crater tells another story — a crust of yellow sulphur and vents of warm gas show the volcano is only sleeping.","Its last eruption was around 5,300 BCE, so geologists call it dormant rather than extinct. The same underground heat feeds the mineral springs at Larijan on the southern foot, which are bottled and sold across Iran as medicinal water.",[212,217,221,226,231,236,240,244],{"phenomenon":213,"peakMonths":214,"note":215,"requiresDarkSky":216,"sortOrder":90},"fogsea",[120,125,162],"Climbers who leave camp before dawn during the July-September safe window reach Damavand's summit as sunrise breaks over a sea of cloud, with the Iranian plateau spread far below.",false,{"phenomenon":218,"peakMonths":219,"note":220,"requiresDarkSky":216,"sortOrder":95},"snow",[164,130,90,95,100],"From late autumn to early spring, after fresh snow recoats the summit and before summer haze sets in, Damavand's symmetrical cone is visible floating above Tehran's skyline on clear mornings.",{"phenomenon":222,"peakMonths":223,"note":224,"requiresDarkSky":216,"sortOrder":225},"chapter_peak",[90,95,100,164,130],"In winter the snow-capped cone stands white over Tehran on clear, cold mornings. It is the image of Iran that appears on the country's banknotes and in its poetry. The climb, though, is now a full winter expedition for experts only, and the staged huts are buried in snow.",50,{"phenomenon":227,"peakMonths":228,"note":229,"requiresDarkSky":216,"sortOrder":230},"chapter_quiet",[105,110],"Snow still caps the whole cone and the walk-up route and its staged huts stay buried, so this is not yet the climbing season. Down low the meadows begin to green, but Lar National Park's high road remains snow-gated.",51,{"phenomenon":232,"peakMonths":233,"note":234,"requiresDarkSky":216,"sortOrder":235},"chapter_edge",[115],"The mountain opens: snow retreats off the meadows, and Lar National Park's road reopens as its poppies peak. The Polur walk-up and its huts become passable only in the second half of the month, when early-season weather is still unsettled.",52,{"phenomenon":222,"peakMonths":237,"note":238,"requiresDarkSky":216,"sortOrder":239},[120,125,162],"The climbing season: the southern Polur walk-up runs and its staged huts are open, and climbers who leave before dawn top out at sunrise over a sea of cloud. It is busiest around early August; September turns drier and less settled.",53,{"phenomenon":232,"peakMonths":241,"note":242,"requiresDarkSky":216,"sortOrder":243},[163],"The safe window closes: by mid-month the first snows return to the upper cone and the high huts empty out. As the summer haze clears, the air sharpens for the winter view of the peak from Tehran.",54,{"phenomenon":245,"peakMonths":246,"note":247,"requiresDarkSky":216,"sortOrder":248},"baseline",[],"Damavand's near-perfect volcanic cone, the sulphur fumaroles around its summit crater, the mineral hot springs at Larijan below, and its standing as Iran's oldest national symbol are there every day of the year.",99,[250],{"id":251,"publicId":252,"slug":253,"name":254,"shortDescription":255,"categoryId":125,"importance":100,"lng":256,"lat":257,"coverImageUrl":258,"country":153,"region":154,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":259,"kind":157,"cityGuideId":157},120,"7635f4b47332","badab-e-surt","Badab-e Surt","A staircase of hundreds of travertine pools stained rust-red and ochre by two mineral springs, stepping down an Iranian mountainside and still being 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