[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"categories-en":3,"dest-233c8c40a725":144,"detail-extra-780":170,"travel-countries-en":310},[4,9,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49,54,59,64,69,74,79,84,89,94,99,104,109,114,119,124,129,134,139],{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"color":8},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":10,"slug":11,"name":12,"color":13},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":15,"slug":16,"name":17,"color":18},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":20,"slug":21,"name":22,"color":23},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":25,"slug":26,"name":27,"color":28},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":30,"slug":31,"name":32,"color":33},20,"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":35,"slug":36,"name":37,"color":38},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":40,"slug":41,"name":42,"color":43},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":45,"slug":46,"name":47,"color":48},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":50,"slug":51,"name":52,"color":53},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":55,"slug":56,"name":57,"color":58},25,"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":60,"slug":61,"name":62,"color":63},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":65,"slug":66,"name":67,"color":68},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":70,"slug":71,"name":72,"color":73},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":75,"slug":76,"name":77,"color":78},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":80,"slug":81,"name":82,"color":83},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":85,"slug":86,"name":87,"color":88},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":90,"slug":91,"name":92,"color":93},1,"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":95,"slug":96,"name":97,"color":98},2,"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":100,"slug":101,"name":102,"color":103},3,"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":105,"slug":106,"name":107,"color":108},4,"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":110,"slug":111,"name":112,"color":113},5,"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":115,"slug":116,"name":117,"color":118},6,"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":120,"slug":121,"name":122,"color":123},7,"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":125,"slug":126,"name":127,"color":128},8,"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":130,"slug":131,"name":132,"color":133},12,"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":135,"slug":136,"name":137,"color":138},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"color":143},14,"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"id":145,"publicId":146,"slug":147,"name":148,"shortDescription":149,"categoryId":140,"importance":95,"lng":150,"lat":151,"coverImageUrl":152,"country":153,"region":154,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":-1,"kind":156,"cityGuideId":157,"description":158,"countryCode":159,"adminArea":157,"elevationM":160,"bestMonths":161,"tips":164,"howToGetThere":157,"youtubeIds":165,"timezone":157,"cityGuideSlug":157,"cityGuidePublicId":157,"cityGuideName":157,"poiTheme":157,"poiNeighborhood":157},780,"233c8c40a725","palmyra-syria","Palmyra","A caravan city of honey-gold colonnades in the Syrian desert, grown around a warm spring, ruled briefly by Queen Zenobia and partly dynamited by ISIS.",38.2681,34.5514,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fcover.webp","Syria","Homs Governorate",0,"nature",null,"Palmyra is a ruined caravan city in the desert of central Syria, between Damascus and the Euphrates, where colonnades of honey-gold limestone still run for more than a kilometre through the sand, and it is the city that grew rich on the silk road, was ruled briefly by a queen who defied Rome, and lost its greatest temple to ISIS in 2015. The city rose where it did because of one spring: Efqa, warm and sulphurous, watered an oasis in the open desert, and for a thousand years the caravans between Persia and the Mediterranean stopped here to pay Palmyra's tolls; the spring ran dry in 1994, after four thousand years, emptied by drought and pumping. The wealth built the Great Colonnade, a street of 750 columns of which more than 200 still stand, framing the walk through the heart of the city toward the temples and the desert hills, past the theatre, the agora and the baths, and through the Monumental Arch, which marked the turn in the street until it too was blown up.\n\nAt the end of the colonnade stood the Temple of Bel, the largest religious building in the Roman Near East, dedicated in 32 AD and standing for nearly two thousand years until ISIS dynamited it in 2015; one gateway survives in a field of blocks. The same months killed Khaled al-Asaad, who had looked after Palmyra's antiquities for over forty years and, held captive, refused to reveal where the museum's treasures had been hidden. West of the city dozens of tower tombs stand in the Valley of the Tombs, each several storeys high, where the merchant families laid their dead in carved niches, and above them the Arab citadel on its hill looks down on the whole ruin at sunset, when the columns go orange. Zenobia ruled from here in the 270s, took Egypt and Anatolia from Rome, and was led through Rome in chains. Palmyra is a city that the desert, the empire and the war have each tried to erase, and the columns are still standing in a row.","SY",400,[100,105,110,162,163],10,11,"orientation|**Reaching Palmyra means a long desert drive from Homs or Damascus** — the modern town has little fuel, water or lodging, so arrange transport and supplies before you set out.\naccess|**Check current security and entry rules before you commit** — Syria only reopened to travellers after the regime change of late 2024, and conditions across this region can still shift quickly.\nsafety|**The ground around the ruins is mined** — hundreds of thousands of landmines remain, only a fraction cleared; keep to swept roads and go nowhere with anyone who cannot say what is cleared.",[166,167,168,169],"MvfoOw5dnOc","7_jKzzuFPNg","xMWfjsoqosc","wB5mkeqsljY",{"gallery":171,"exps":186,"boxes":203,"seasons":218,"near":249,"peers":309},[172,174,177,179,181,184],{"url":152,"attribution":173},"Foto: James Gordon \u002F CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":175,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fg0.webp","Foto: Vyacheslav Argenberg \u002F CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":178,"attribution":173},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fg1.webp",{"url":180,"attribution":173},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fg2.webp",{"url":182,"attribution":183},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fg3.webp","Foto: Bernard Gagnon \u002F CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":185,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fg4.webp",[187,191,195,199],{"title":188,"description":189,"imageUrl":190,"attribution":176},"Walk the Great Colonnade","More than 200 of the original 750 columns still line the street that once ran through the heart of the city, framing views toward the temple ruins and the desert hills beyond. Walk it in the first hour after dawn, when the low sun rakes gold across the honey-coloured stone and the shadeless site is still cool. From May to September the midday sun here is punishing, and early is also when you have the street largely to yourself.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fe1.webp",{"title":192,"description":193,"imageUrl":194,"attribution":173},"Pass through the Monumental Arch","The city's triumphal arch once framed the turn from the colonnade toward the agora, Palmyra's public square. ISIS blew most of it up in 2015. The sections still standing show how tall the arch was and how densely its stone was carved.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fe3.webp",{"title":196,"description":197,"imageUrl":198,"attribution":183},"Stand where the Temple of Bel once towered","Walk to the temple precinct at the end of the colonnade, where the largest religious building in the Roman Near East stood for nearly two thousand years until ISIS dynamited it in 2015. Standing before the emptied ground is the starkest measure on site of what was lost — and of why the slow restoration effort matters.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fe4.webp",{"title":200,"description":201,"imageUrl":202,"attribution":176},"Explore the Valley of the Tombs and the hilltop citadel","Dozens of tower tombs stand in the valley west of the city, each several storeys high. Palmyra's wealthy families built them to hold their dead in style, generation after generation. On the ridge above, the 13th-century castle of Qalaat ibn Maan looks down on the whole site, and the climb up gives the widest view over the ruins and the oasis.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fe5.webp",[204,209,213],{"boxType":205,"title":206,"body":207,"deepBody":208,"sourceNote":157},"history","The queen who defied Rome","Zenobia claimed descent from Cleopatra and ruled Palmyra as regent for her young son, pushing its armies across the Roman East until she declared full independence.","Her forces seized Egypt and much of Anatolia before Emperor Aurelian marched east, besieged Palmyra and captured her around 272 AD. Roman writers say he paraded her through Rome in golden chains; what happened afterwards — quiet exile near Tivoli, illness, or execution — the ancient sources never agreed.",{"boxType":205,"title":210,"body":211,"deepBody":212,"sourceNote":157},"The scholar who would not talk","Khaled al-Asaad looked after Palmyra's antiquities for over forty years and, held captive by ISIS, refused to reveal where the museum's treasures had been hidden.","The militants beheaded him in August 2015, at the age of 82, and hung his body from a column in the ruins he had spent his life studying. He had already helped move hundreds of statues to safety before the town fell, and the antiquities he shielded were never found by his killers.",{"boxType":214,"title":215,"body":216,"deepBody":217,"sourceNote":157},"geology","Why a city rose in empty desert","The one spring in the open desert here, Efqa, ran dry in 1994 after four thousand years, emptied by drought and heavy pumping.","The oasis has been cut off from its source ever since, and later projects to bring the flow back have not restored it. Nothing else on this stretch of steppe holds permanent water, which is why a caravan city grew at this exact point and nowhere near it.",[219,225,230,235,240,244],{"phenomenon":220,"peakMonths":221,"note":222,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":224},"chapter_quiet",[90,95,130],"Sunny, mild days around 13°C are fine for walking the colonnade, but nights fall near freezing and brief rain or even snow can blow through. Nothing seasonal shuts — these are open desert ruins you share with almost no one.",false,50,{"phenomenon":226,"peakMonths":227,"note":228,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":229},"chapter_peak",[100,105],"The desert's kindest stretch: highs climb from about 20°C in March to 26°C in April, cold nights ease, and the low sun rakes the honey-gold colonnade in comfort. This is Palmyra at its most walkable.",51,{"phenomenon":231,"peakMonths":232,"note":233,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":234},"chapter_edge",[110],"Heat builds fast — afternoon highs near 32°C — so the shadeless site turns punishing by midday. Come at sunrise or in the last hour of light, when the stone glows gold and the air is still bearable.",52,{"phenomenon":220,"peakMonths":236,"note":238,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":239},[115,120,125,237],9,"Furnace months: highs of 35–39°C on open, shadeless gravel make midday genuinely dangerous, and rain never falls. The ruins stay fully open and never close, but limit yourself to dawn and dusk and carry all your own water.",53,{"phenomenon":226,"peakMonths":241,"note":242,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":243},[162,163],"The heat breaks: October averages around 28°C, November around 20°C, nights turn crisp, and the low autumn sun lingers warm and gold on the stone. With spring, this is the finest time to walk the colonnade and climb to Qalaat ibn Maan.",54,{"phenomenon":245,"peakMonths":246,"note":247,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":248},"baseline",[],"Palmyra's honey-gold colonnade and tower tombs stand in the Syrian desert year-round, glowing at low sun; spring and autumn are mildest — though the site is only now reopening after war.",99,[250,262,273,285,297],{"id":251,"publicId":252,"slug":253,"name":254,"shortDescription":255,"categoryId":90,"importance":105,"lng":256,"lat":257,"coverImageUrl":258,"country":259,"region":260,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":261,"kind":157,"cityGuideId":157},532,"8e8a91f7b1b2","baatara-gorge-falls","Baatara Gorge Waterfall (Balaa)","A Lebanese waterfall that drops through three natural stone bridges stacked one above the other, then disappears into a limestone shaft 240 metres 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