[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"dest-bd8570237028":3,"categories-en":30,"detail-extra-1175":170,"travel-countries-en":311},{"id":4,"publicId":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"shortDescription":8,"categoryId":9,"importance":10,"lng":11,"lat":12,"coverImageUrl":13,"country":14,"region":15,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":-1,"kind":17,"cityGuideId":10,"description":18,"countryCode":19,"adminArea":9,"elevationM":9,"bestMonths":20,"tips":21,"howToGetThere":9,"youtubeIds":22,"timezone":25,"cityGuideSlug":26,"cityGuidePublicId":27,"cityGuideName":15,"poiTheme":28,"poiNeighborhood":29},1175,"bd8570237028","rome-basilica-di-san-giovanni-in-laterano","Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano","The cathedral of Rome, not St Peter's, raised by Constantine on the barracks of his defeated rival's guard and remodelled inside by Borromini.",null,3,12.506,41.8858,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1175\u002Fcover-c7d2.webp","Italy","Rome",0,"city_poi","The Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, and not St Peter's, is the cathedral of Rome: the inscription across the front calls it the mother and head of all the churches of the city and of the world. Colossal marble apostles lean out of deep niches down the nave, each holding the instrument he was killed with. The interior around them is the work of Borromini, ordered to modernise the basilica for the holy year of 1650 without destroying it. He wrapped the old columns inside white piers and opened the niches the statues later filled.\n\nConstantine handed the land to the bishop of Rome within a few years of taking the city in 312, and he handed it over pointedly. The ground held the barracks of the cavalry guard that had fought for his defeated rival, and he had them pulled down and the church raised on their foundations. It was the first great church built with imperial money, and its plan, a long hall with aisles, set the shape Christian building followed for centuries. Behind the church a thirteenth-century cloister keeps its twisted columns inlaid with gold and coloured glass, usually almost empty while the nave is full.","IT",[],"orientation|**Three separate buildings share this square** — the basilica, the round baptistery behind it, and the Scala Santa across the road, each with its own door, its own hours and its own rules.\ntiming|**See the baptistery before the basilica** — it keeps shorter and less predictable hours than the church, with a long midday break, and it is the building visitors most often find closed.\netiquette|**Shoulders and knees are checked at this door** — it is the pope's own cathedral and the rule is applied properly here, more strictly than at most churches in the centre.\ndetail|**Push through the middle bronze doors on your way in** — they are the ancient doors of the Roman senate house, taken from the Forum and rehung here in the seventeenth century.",[23,24],"yE6VSpnBy6Y","SK4dD5-pmdw","Europe\u002FRome","rome","ab634ae04324","church","San Giovanni (Rione Monti \u002F Esquilino edge)",[31,36,41,46,51,56,61,66,71,76,81,86,91,96,101,106,111,116,121,126,130,135,140,145,150,155,160,165],{"id":32,"slug":33,"name":34,"color":35},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":37,"slug":38,"name":39,"color":40},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":42,"slug":43,"name":44,"color":45},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":47,"slug":48,"name":49,"color":50},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":52,"slug":53,"name":54,"color":55},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":57,"slug":58,"name":59,"color":60},20,"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":62,"slug":63,"name":64,"color":65},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":67,"slug":68,"name":69,"color":70},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":72,"slug":73,"name":74,"color":75},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":77,"slug":78,"name":79,"color":80},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":82,"slug":83,"name":84,"color":85},25,"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":87,"slug":88,"name":89,"color":90},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":92,"slug":93,"name":94,"color":95},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":97,"slug":98,"name":99,"color":100},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"color":105},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":107,"slug":108,"name":109,"color":110},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":112,"slug":113,"name":114,"color":115},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":117,"slug":118,"name":119,"color":120},1,"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":122,"slug":123,"name":124,"color":125},2,"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":10,"slug":127,"name":128,"color":129},"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":131,"slug":132,"name":133,"color":134},4,"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":136,"slug":137,"name":138,"color":139},5,"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":141,"slug":142,"name":143,"color":144},6,"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":146,"slug":147,"name":148,"color":149},7,"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":151,"slug":152,"name":153,"color":154},8,"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":156,"slug":157,"name":158,"color":159},12,"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":161,"slug":162,"name":163,"color":164},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":166,"slug":167,"name":168,"color":169},14,"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"gallery":171,"exps":186,"boxes":201,"seasons":221,"near":222,"peers":223},[172,174,177,180,183],{"url":13,"attribution":173},"NikonZ7II \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":175,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1175\u002Fg0-1b83.webp","NateBergin \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":178,"attribution":179},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1175\u002Fg1-3d48.webp","Tango7174 \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":181,"attribution":182},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1175\u002Fg2-d0fb.webp","Jastrow \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":184,"attribution":185},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1175\u002Fg3-2c4d.webp","Marie-Lan Nguyen \u002F Wikimedia Commons",[187,191,196],{"title":188,"description":189,"imageUrl":190,"attribution":185},"Stand under the twelve apostles","Walk up the centre of the nave and stop between the niches. Each niche holds a marble apostle over four metres high, carved in the early eighteenth century, leaning out of its recess with its robes swept to one side. Look at the object each apostle holds, because it is usually the instrument he was killed with.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1175\u002Fe0-3fea.webp",{"title":192,"description":193,"imageUrl":194,"attribution":195},"Find two matching columns in the cloister","The door is off the left aisle. Inside, small paired columns run round a garden: some straight, some twisted like rope, many sheathed in tiny gold and coloured glass squares. Sit on the low wall and look for two that match exactly — you will find almost none.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1175\u002Fe1-0480.webp","Valentin De Carvalho \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"title":197,"description":198,"imageUrl":199,"attribution":200},"Cross the square to the baptistery","Behind the basilica stands a low octagonal building with a font sunk in the middle of it. This is the shape almost every later baptistery in Europe copied. The mosaics in the side chapels are fifth-century, and there are usually more pigeons in the courtyard outside than people indoors.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F1175\u002Fe2-8b6d.webp","Kent Wang \u002F Wikimedia Commons",[202,207,212,217],{"boxType":203,"title":204,"body":205,"deepBody":206,"sourceNote":9},"history","The church that set the plan for later churches","This building gave Christianity its standard plan: a long hall with side aisles, an apse at the end and an open roof.","Before Constantine, Christians met in ordinary houses and had no building type of their own. The form chosen here came from the Roman public hall used for law courts and markets, not from the temple, which was too closely tied to the old gods. Almost every large church built in the West for the next thousand years is a version of it.",{"boxType":208,"title":209,"body":210,"deepBody":211,"sourceNote":9},"architecture","The ancient columns are still inside the piers","Borromini was forbidden to demolish the old basilica, so he wrapped its ancient columns inside the white masonry you see today.","Innocent X told him to keep the five-aisled plan and the gilded wooden ceiling of the 1560s. Borromini's answer was to build around the old church instead of replacing it. Pairs of ancient columns survive hidden inside several piers, and small openings were left in the masonry so that a few of them can still be seen.",{"boxType":213,"title":214,"body":215,"deepBody":216,"sourceNote":9},"did_you_know","No church in Rome has been rebuilt this many times","The basilica has been sacked, shaken flat by an earthquake and burned twice, and it was rebuilt every time on the same ground.","An earthquake brought much of it down in 896, and fires gutted it twice in the fourteenth century. Each rebuilding kept the same site and the same dedication but replaced the building itself, which is why a church founded in the fourth century now looks seventeenth-century. Only the site, the plan and a few fragments run continuously from Constantine to today.",{"boxType":203,"title":218,"body":219,"deepBody":220,"sourceNote":9},"Why the popes left, and what brought them back","Popes lived beside this church for a thousand years, and left for the Vatican only when they returned from Avignon and found the Lateran palace wrecked.","The Lateran palace had burned during their long absence in France, and the Vatican, defended by Castel Sant'Angelo, was safer. The Lateran kept its rank as the cathedral all the same. 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