[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"categories-en":3,"dest-d2d16640af2d":144,"detail-extra-869":170,"travel-countries-en":254},[4,9,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49,54,59,64,69,74,79,84,89,94,99,104,109,114,119,124,129,134,139],{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"color":8},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":10,"slug":11,"name":12,"color":13},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":15,"slug":16,"name":17,"color":18},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":20,"slug":21,"name":22,"color":23},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":25,"slug":26,"name":27,"color":28},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":30,"slug":31,"name":32,"color":33},20,"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":35,"slug":36,"name":37,"color":38},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":40,"slug":41,"name":42,"color":43},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":45,"slug":46,"name":47,"color":48},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":50,"slug":51,"name":52,"color":53},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":55,"slug":56,"name":57,"color":58},25,"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":60,"slug":61,"name":62,"color":63},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":65,"slug":66,"name":67,"color":68},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":70,"slug":71,"name":72,"color":73},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":75,"slug":76,"name":77,"color":78},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":80,"slug":81,"name":82,"color":83},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":85,"slug":86,"name":87,"color":88},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":90,"slug":91,"name":92,"color":93},1,"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":95,"slug":96,"name":97,"color":98},2,"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":100,"slug":101,"name":102,"color":103},3,"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":105,"slug":106,"name":107,"color":108},4,"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":110,"slug":111,"name":112,"color":113},5,"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":115,"slug":116,"name":117,"color":118},6,"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":120,"slug":121,"name":122,"color":123},7,"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":125,"slug":126,"name":127,"color":128},8,"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":130,"slug":131,"name":132,"color":133},12,"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":135,"slug":136,"name":137,"color":138},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"color":143},14,"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"id":145,"publicId":146,"slug":147,"name":148,"shortDescription":149,"categoryId":140,"importance":115,"lng":150,"lat":151,"coverImageUrl":152,"country":153,"region":154,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":-1,"kind":156,"cityGuideId":157,"description":158,"countryCode":159,"adminArea":157,"elevationM":160,"bestMonths":161,"tips":164,"howToGetThere":157,"youtubeIds":165,"timezone":157,"cityGuideSlug":157,"cityGuidePublicId":157,"cityGuideName":157,"poiTheme":157,"poiNeighborhood":157},869,"d2d16640af2d","waw-an-namus","Waw an Namus","A volcano deep in the Libyan Sahara, its four-kilometre crater holding three coloured salt lakes and its black ash spread across 300 square kilometres.",17.55,24.9667,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F869\u002Fcover.webp","Libya","Fezzan",0,"nature",null,"Waw an Namus is a volcano deep in the Libyan Sahara, in the Fezzan 400 kilometres from the nearest town, whose crater four kilometres across holds three small salt lakes of different colours around a cinder cone, and whose black ash lies over 300 square kilometres of desert, so that after hours of pale sand the ground turns black and the tyres go quiet, and it is reached by expedition and camped in, when the country allows it. Nobody can say when the volcano last erupted, since no one recorded it and the ash is undated, and the caldera holds a cone of loose scoria in its middle with a pit eighty metres deep sunk into its own summit, a small volcano built inside the wreckage of a much larger one, climbed for the view over the lakes; three lakes lie curled around the foot of the cone and no two match, one blue, one green and one a rust-red pool half hidden in a thick collar of reed grass against the inner wall, the sharpest colour in the crater on ground as black as this. The lakes lose around 1.5 million cubic metres of water a year to the Saharan sun and are still full, fed by an aquifer beneath the crater that the geologists have not fully explained.\n\nThe name means the oasis of mosquitoes, for the insects that breed in the reeds, and the crater is a wetland in the driest desert on Earth, where waterbirds from Europe winter on a third of a square kilometre of water, northern shoveler, teal, gadwall, coot and little grebe recorded in the reed beds, palms and tamarisks standing at the shore. The drive in from Sebha takes two days across the sand with a guide, and the crater is camped in under a sky with no light for hundreds of kilometres, the black ash cold at night. Waw an Namus is a volcano with an oasis in its mouth, and the birds of the north have found it.","LY",547,[90,95,100,105,162,163,130],10,11,"permit|**Libya is operator-only** — no independent travel. A licensed agency sponsors your e-visa, obtains the southern permit and arranges the police escort that rides with you; itineraries are fixed in advance.\nmonths|**Come between late November and early March** — the black ash soaks up the sun and summer inside the crater is genuinely dangerous. Winter nights out here get cold, so pack for them.\nwildlife|**Camp on the rim, not down by the water** — the mosquitoes that named this place rarely meet fresh blood and do not hold back. At the lakes, nets and repellent are not optional.\ntiming|**Climb the cone early** — it is loose scoria, and you slide back half a step with every step. Once the sun is high the black ground turns into a furnace.\naccess|**Carry everything you need** — it is roughly 400 kilometres of open desert from Sabha, with no fuel, no water and no shade on the way. Convoys travel with spare fuel and tyres.",[166,167,168,169],"1hbMMheOQvA","3GZXKwa-aGY","i8yA_WgxR7I","zWY3L8FJjlk",{"gallery":171,"exps":187,"boxes":205,"seasons":221,"near":252,"peers":253},[172,174,177,180,182,184],{"url":152,"attribution":173},"Foto: Rolfcosar \u002F CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":175,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F869\u002Fg0.webp","Foto: StFr \u002F CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":178,"attribution":179},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F869\u002Fg1.webp","Foto: DasPumm \u002F CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":181,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F869\u002Fg2.webp",{"url":183,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F869\u002Fg3.webp",{"url":185,"attribution":186},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F869\u002Fg4.webp","Foto: Korea Aerospace Research Institute \u002F KOGL Type 1 (Wikimedia Commons)",[188,193,197,201],{"title":189,"description":190,"imageUrl":191,"attribution":192},"Walk between lakes that do not match","Three small salt lakes lie curled around the foot of the cone, and no two are the same colour: one blue, one green, one a rust-red pool half hidden in the reeds. You can walk from one to the next in minutes, through date palms, on ground that is damp underfoot in the middle of the Sahara.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F869\u002Fe2.webp","Foto: Rudolf Baumann \u002F CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"title":194,"description":195,"imageUrl":196,"attribution":176},"Cross the line where the desert turns black","For hours before the crater the ground is pale sand, and then it changes: basaltic ash lies over roughly 300 square kilometres, flat black grit that muffles the tyres. Nothing on that plain hints at what is coming, and the first green water shows only when you reach the rim.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F869\u002Fe3.webp",{"title":198,"description":199,"imageUrl":200,"attribution":179},"Find the rust-red pool in the reeds","Tucked against the inner wall, a shallow pool glows orange-red inside a thick collar of reed grass — the sharpest colour in the crater, and the strangest, sitting on ground as black as this. The water is warm and ankle-deep at the edges, and the ring of grass around it stays green all year — the only green for hundreds of kilometres in any direction.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F869\u002Fe4.webp",{"title":202,"description":203,"imageUrl":204,"attribution":173},"Climb the cinder cone at the caldera's heart","A cone of loose scoria stands in the middle of the crater with a pit 80 metres deep sunk into its own summit — a small volcano built inside the wreckage of a much larger one. The climb is steep and slips underfoot. The top is the single place where all three lakes line up around the base at once, each a different colour, with black ash running out past them to the horizon.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F869\u002Fe5.webp",[206,211,216],{"boxType":207,"title":208,"body":209,"deepBody":210,"sourceNote":157},"geology","The volcano that will not be dated","Nobody can say when Waw an Namus last erupted. The rock says 200,000 years ago. The landscape says almost yesterday.","Potassium-argon dating of a lava bomb from the central cone returned about 200,000 years. But the caldera cuts through a drainage system formed in the Holocene, the ash apron is barely eroded, and no Neolithic tools have turned up in it. Those signs have led geologists to argue the cone may be only a few thousand years old, perhaps even historical. The Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program still lists it as Pleistocene, with no known Holocene eruption. In a desert that erodes almost nothing, the argument is hard to settle.",{"boxType":212,"title":213,"body":214,"deepBody":215,"sourceNote":157},"did_you_know","Lakes that should have dried up","The lakes lose around 1.5 million cubic metres of water a year to the Saharan sun — and they are still full.","Springs under the crater floor replace what evaporates. Isotope analysis puts the water at less than 8,000 years old, so this is not ancient fossil water sitting in a hole: something is recharging it. All three lakes together cover only about 0.3 square kilometres, and the deepest is roughly 15 metres — a tiny amount of water doing an enormous amount of work.",{"boxType":217,"title":218,"body":219,"deepBody":220,"sourceNote":157},"history","A waterhole on the caravan road","The crater is uninhabited, but it was never unknown: graves lie near the lakes, and the caravan route between Sabha and Kufra passed close by.","In a desert this empty, permanent water is a landmark rather than a curiosity. Herders and hunters are thought to have used the crater, and caravans crossing the Fezzan watered here. Archaeologists have found graves at the site, though no Neolithic tools — one of the arguments used to suggest the volcano may have erupted after people were already moving through this stretch of the Sahara.",[222,227,232,237,243,247],{"phenomenon":223,"peakMonths":224,"note":225,"requiresDarkSky":226,"sortOrder":90},"birds",[163,130,90,95,100],"Palearctic waterbirds winter on 0.3 km2 of crater water 400 km from the nearest town: northern shoveler, teal, gadwall, coot, water rail and little grebe all recorded in the reed beds.",false,{"phenomenon":228,"peakMonths":229,"note":230,"requiresDarkSky":226,"sortOrder":231},"chapter_peak",[90,95,100,163,130],"Come now: crater days ease from about 26°C in November to 19-21°C at midwinter, and Palearctic waterbirds — coot, teal, shoveler, grebe — crowd the reed lakes. Nights can near freezing, so pack for the cold.",50,{"phenomenon":233,"peakMonths":234,"note":235,"requiresDarkSky":226,"sortOrder":236},"chapter_edge",[105],"The tail of the touring season: April days climb back toward the low 30s°C and the wintering birds have left, but operators still run convoys before the black ash turns lethal. Come early in the month.",51,{"phenomenon":238,"peakMonths":239,"note":241,"requiresDarkSky":226,"sortOrder":242},"chapter_quiet",[110,115,120,125,240],9,"This is the furnace: air highs sit near 40°C and the black ash radiates more heat back at you, so no operator sends convoys out. The cone, the reed-fringed lakes and the palms stand as ever — with no shade or water for 400 km.",52,{"phenomenon":233,"peakMonths":244,"note":245,"requiresDarkSky":226,"sortOrder":246},[162],"The furnace breaks: October highs fall from the low 30s toward the mid-20s°C and the first migrants begin dropping onto the lakes. The heat is easing toward the season proper — this is the shoulder just before the crater opens up.",53,{"phenomenon":248,"peakMonths":249,"note":250,"requiresDarkSky":226,"sortOrder":251},"baseline",[],"The black ash desert, the central cone and the three spring-fed lakes are here every month of the 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